Italian credit system
The “credit” system in Italian courses was introduced because of the need to implement the policies deriving from the Bologna Process.
University credits (CFU) are based on the concept of “workload” and are equivalent to the ECTS credit system.
The university credit (CFU) normally correspond to 25 hours of student work, including individual study. The average quantity of academic work performed by a full-time student in one year is by convention measured as 60 credits.
Italian grading system
Exams in Italian universities are graded on a scale that goes from zero to thirty points. The
minimum score to pass an exam and be awarded the respective credits is 18/30, and the maximum is 30/30 cum laude (with distinction).
Failure to pass an exam is not indicated in the “exam transcript”, therefore the student must retake the exam in order to achieve a positive result.
| ECTS Grad | UniMiB Grad | Definition |
| A | 30/30 | EXCELLENT - outstanding performance with only minor errors |
| B | 27/30 | VERY GOOD - above the average standard but with some errors |
| C | 24/30 | GOOD - generally sound work with a number of notable errors |
| D | 21/30 | SATISFACTORY - fair but with significant shortcomings |
| E | 18/30 | SUFFICIENT - performance meets the minimum criteria |
| FX | >18 | FAIL - some more work required before the credit can be awarded |
| F | - | FAIL - considerable further work is required |
Statistical distribution of grades
The statistic distribution of grades refers to the data of Bachelor couses, Master courses and Single Cycles courses of University of Milano- Bicocca. The number of years considered corresponds to the normal duration of the programme (Bachelor courses: 3 years, Master courses: 2 years, one-cycle Master courses: 5 years). The distribution is calculated in October 2022.